Fiqh Rulings from Dr. Ahmad al-Naqeeb's Lessons on al-Risalah

This page is an English companion notebook for the fiqh material drawn from the lessons. It summarizes the main rulings and legal themes rather than reproducing every Arabic detail.

The wording was prepared by the site and was not reviewed by the teacher.

Purification

• Wudu’ is a condition for prayer, and the Sunnah clarifies the Qur’anic command in its details.
• The elbows and ankles are included in washing, and the feet are washed rather than merely wiped on bare skin.
• Wiping the head requires water, not a dry hand.
• The limbs must be fully covered with water, and small dry patches invalidate proper completion.
• Wiping over khuffs and socks is permitted within its known conditions.
• Yellow or brown discharge after confirmed purity is not treated as menstruation.
• Standing to urinate is allowed only when there is a need and splashing can be avoided.

Prayer

• One who sincerely strives to determine the qiblah and later discovers a mistake does not have to repeat the prayer.
• Voluntary prayer for a traveler may be performed on a mount or vehicle, while the obligatory prayer retains its stricter conditions where possible.
• Eclipse prayer has its own distinct form, with two standings and two bowings in each rak’ah.
• Fear prayer shows that prayer is not dropped even in battle; its form is adjusted according to ability and danger.
• Congregational prayer is tied to ability, not merely to hearing the call.
• Delaying prayer within its time may be allowed for a recognized need or excuse.
• Qiyam al-layl was initially obligatory in an early phase and then lifted as an obligation from the ummah.
• The five daily prayers are the only prayers that are strictly obligatory in every day and night.

Zakah, support, and related rulings

• Zakah is not due on every form of wealth without distinction; the Sunnah specifies the categories.
• Agricultural zakah differs according to whether irrigation is natural or involves labor and cost.
• Gold, silver, and their monetary equivalents take zakah, unlike gemstones and non-monetary minerals.
• A full lunar year is required for some zakah categories, while crops and buried treasure follow different timing.
• Supporting a needy close relative becomes obligatory when need and inability are present.

Hajj and hudud

• The mutamatti’ owes sacrificial offering, and if unable, follows the known fast sequence.
• The independent obligation of ‘umrah remains a known area of disagreement.
• Most scholars condition ritual purity for tawaf, though the issue includes recognized disagreement.
• The muhsan adulterer is punished by stoning according to the dominant scholarly position based on the Sunnah.
• Theft leading to cutting requires strict conditions such as legal minimum and protected custody.
• Zina is not established by testimony unless the very severe evidentiary standard is met.
• Hudud are warded off by doubts; weak or incomplete testimony prevents the hadd from being applied.